ID help with unidentified arable herbs

[niltiac]

I'm doing some fieldwork on a farm in Hampshire and came across the following herbs which I had trouble ID'ing...

First...


Some sort of crucifer but I can't decide exactly what it is. Is found in a field specifically planted to provide a seed source for birds (i.e. was not a crop field). Flowers white or purple-ish, 4 petalled.

Second...


My guess is hedge bedstraw? But any prickles on the edge of the leaves are tiny and hard to decide which way they're pointing. Prostrate with stems creeping out in rosette formation.

Third...


I thought maybe small toadflax?
The pictures not very good but the flowers were tiny, apparently white and looked like those of ivy-leaved toadflax. Small curved spur on back of them.


Any help would be very much appreciated.


Thanks,

Caitlin

[Johnny81]

I'd have a stab at 1.As Wild Radish Raphanus raphanistrum ssp raphanistrum. I cannot make the pics out that well though. The experts will be on soon to help.

[Tiggrx]

1. is Garden Radish (Raphanus sativus)

2. looks like Cleavers (Galium aparine)

3. Yes, Small Toadflax (Chaenorrhinum minus)

[Dorts]

niltiac
You were right with 2. Hedge Bedstraw - Galium mollugo. Smooth square stem, leaves elliptical in a whorl around the stem. Cleavers has longer narrow leaves broadening towards the tip.
Heath Bedstraw has leaves similar to Cleavers but they are about half the size.
Hedge Bedstraw is probably the most variable of the genus.
Dorts.

[niltiac]

Thanks very much for your help!
I'm pretty happy that radish, hedge bedstraw and small toadflax are the answers.

Caitlin

[lizard orchid]

I had a look at the bedstraw you have and it looks to me like a young plant of field madder. It does not seem quite right to me for hedge bedstraw.

Brian Laney Northamptonshire.

[Dorts]

Brian
Field Madder - Sherardia arvensis, has a fairly pronounced square stem covered in hairs,( I don't see that in Caitlin's plant). The leaves of Field Madder are hairy, elliptical, but narrowing towards the stem and are usually in clusters of 4-6. Caitlin's plant, from what I can see, has 4 leaves in each whorl, no more, also they are elliptical but not narrowing towards the stem, both features good for Hedge Bedstraw.
Dorts.

[lizard orchid]

Again thanks Dorts for the info on ID features between the two species. I will have a closer look.

Brian Laney Northamptonshire