Firstly, I will once again recommend this site for learning digital editing techniques
Digital Photography Tutorials it does go from novice to expert a bit quickly and will take a bit of time to read and understand everything but there is a mass of good advice there.
With your example, what were the Unsharp Mask settings? Did you use any threshold or other even cleverer techniques to avoid amplifing the noise? As a quick, but not professional, work around I often put a selection around the area to be sharpened then feather the selection by 5 pixels, approx, and use 1 level of threshold. Other settings around 0.5 to 2 pixels and 50 to 150% for the amount. But don't overdo it!
The clever way is to create a duplicate layer, add a mask which hides everything then gradually reveal the areas to be sharpened with a low opacity soft brush so some areas will be totally clear while others are only partially visible and some are totally hidden. You then apply an Unsharp Mask to this layer so you end up with variable amounts of sharpening.
And there are other methods. But I won't go into too much detail now. Ask again after reading that free tutorial if there is anything you don't understand. I expect there will be!
Most professionals recommend setting the camera adjustments for sharpness/saturation to 0 and doing a pre sharpen with Unsharp Mask around 200-300% at 0.3 pixels before doing any editing.
Shooting in RAW is always best. And above all else when editing, no matter what programme, never never never use any Auto Adjust setting. Curves, or Levels, manual saturation etc takes a little bit of learning but isn't difficult and is the only way to be in full control of the results.