[AlanS]

Usnea is a highly critical genus in which minute examination of the isidia/soredia and junctions of the branches is essential. There are good diagrams in 'Dobson'.
Overall appearance of the species is very variable, so identifications without examination of these characters are not identifications at all, but just guesses.

So the only photograph I'll comment on is no. 2, in which I agree with Jenny's first thought: Ramalina siliquosa in one of its many guises. I don't think it is R. subfarinacea (cannot see the characteristic soralia at the tips of the fronds), and it looks like there are some apothecia present, which R. subfarinacea seems not to have.

Alan