[AlanS]

I'm one who voted against mosses being in the lichen forum and was going to ignore all 'alien' posts, but ..

1. yes, Bryum capillare. Very common and characteristic on walls, abundantly fruiting at the moment.

2. This is a young Polytrichum or Polytrichastrum. The capsules are still very immature, hence they are held vertically like little spears and have not swelled yet - but note the hairy calyptras, which are diagnostic.
I fancy it is Polytrichastrum formosum, but a bit difficult to count ridges on the capsules just yet (or to cut cross-sections of leaves in a photograph).

3. Looks horribly familiar but I cannot place it. I know I know it! (He says unhelpfully.)

4. This is definitely Hypnum cupressiforme (agg., maybe sensu stricto). The hooked leaves are just visible on the right-hand side.

Alan
(only looking at these as Jenny has posted some nasty crustose lichens I don't want even to think about)