Encyclopedia of British Birds

Title Scientific Name Description Edit link
African Spoonbill Platalea alba

A tall white waterbird with long spatulate black bills and long black legs. They fly with necks and legs extended.

African Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata

A dabbling duck which is an abundant resident breeder in southern and eastern Africa. These are Mallard-sized, mainly grey, ducks with a dark head and a bright yellow bill. The wings are whitish... more

Aleutian Tern Sterna aleutica
Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria
Allen's Gallinule Porphyrio alleni
Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris
Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba

Much larger than common Swift, with a slower wing action. White belly and chin also sets it apart but chin marking can sometimes be hard to see.

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus
American Black Duck Anas rubripes
American Coot Fulica americana
American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica
American Goldfinch Carduelis tristis

The male is a vibrant yellow in the summer and an olive
colour during the winter months, while the female is a dull yellow-brown shade
which brightens only slightly during the summer... more

American Kestrel Falco sparverius
American Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla
American Robin Turdus migratorius

Gray back with red breast. It is white underneath the tail feathers and on the lower belly. The
throat is white with black streaks, and males are generally brighter
than females.

American Wigeon Anas americana

The adult males are the easiest to identify, with their white, rather than orange, crowns and a broad green stripe through the eye, tapering to the nape. From a distance this can look like a black... more

Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola
Arctic Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni
Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus
Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea

Very similar to the Common Tern. Arctic Terns are recognised by very short legs, blood red bill without a black tip and a translucent appearance to all primary wing feathers.

Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis

As large as Wood Warblers but much duller, lacking in yellow tones. The neat pale wing-bar is a feature shared only by the Greenish Warbler which is smaller and has a finer bill. At close range... more

Argentine Blue-billed Duck Oxyura vittata
Ascension Frigatebird Fregata aquila
Asian Desert Warbler Sylvia nana
Audouin's Gull Ichthyaetus audouinii

A large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa. The adult resembles a small Herring Gull, the most noticeable differences being the short red bill and the... more

Australian Shelduck Tadorna tadornoides
Australian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis
Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta

It is quite simple to identify Avocets. The mostly white plumage, marked with sparse black narrow lines, is very distinctive, as are the upturned bill and blue legs. If the bird is feeding its... more

Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus
Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula
Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus
Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica
Barbary Dove Streptopelia risoria
Barbary Falcon Falco pelegrinoides
Barbary Partridge Alectoris barbara
Barn Owl Tyto alba

This is a pale, long-winged, long-legged owl, 33

Swallow Hirundo rustica

Swallows are slimmer and more elegant than the Martins, a feature exaggerated by the long tail streamers of the adults. The dark throat and, of course, the all-dark rump separate them easily from... more

Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis

It is clearly related too but smaller than the Canada Goose with more silvery grey wings and mantle. Identified best by its creamy-white face, black breast and barred back.

Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria
Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica

Larger than Goldeneye with the head and neck shape differing. Head of the breeding male has a more bluish-purple hue and the white facial patch extends above the eye.

Bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus
Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea
Bean Goose Anser fabalis
Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus

Bearded Tit adults have a orange brown plumage with a distinctive long, trailing tail and black and white lines down the wings. Juveniles can be almost orange-coloured with much more black on... more

Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon
Bewick's Swan Cygnus columbianus

Bewicks Sawn is the smallest and has shortest-neck of Europe's swans, like the Whooper, Bewicks have an obvious yellow in the beak. Bewick's Swan has a short yellow blob at the base, as opposed... more

Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata
Bittern Botaurus stellaris

Stocky, rather bulky, thick-necked heron, generally golden brown with distinct black margins and black crown. Sexes alike and no seasonal differences. Juvenile just distinguishable on close view... more

Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix

Male - medium-large grouse with distinctive red eye patch and lyre shaped tail feathers in male. Loud take off noise, and compact in flight. Black with purplish gloss except for white under wing... more

Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle

Smaller than common Guillemot, body plump and pear-shaped. Summer breeding plumage: Body all black with large oval white upperwing patches; underwing white with dark trailing edge, red legs and... more

Black Kite Milvus migrans

Black Kite has a more concise shape than a Red Kite and is a darker brown, lacking the red colours and white wing panels. It is more likely to be mistaken for a female Marsh Harrier but has more... more

Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis
Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros

In summer, the male's plumage is striking with grey upperparts, a sooty black face and breast and a bold white wing patch, with a rusty red rump and tail.

The female is duller, brown-grey... more

Black Scoter Melanitta americana
Black Stork Ciconia nigra

Black Stork is not quite as big as a White Stork and can be identified by the head, neck and upperparts being completely black. Birds look entirely black in flight apart from their white bodies,... more

Black Swan Cygnus atratus

Their feathers are mainly black in colour but they have a line of white flight feathers on the edges of their wings. These feathers are sometimes on show when they are at rest but they are... more

Black Tern Chlidonias niger
Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia
Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Black-billed Magpie Pica hudsonia
Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophrys
Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax
Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica
Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala
Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala
Black-headed Duck Heteronetta atricapilla
Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus
Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus

Despite the name, the Black-headed Gull spends most of the year with a white head and only shows the dark colours during summer. In fact, when its head does turn dark in summer it doesn't quite... more

Black-headed Weaver Ploceus melanocephalus
Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla

A beautiful member of the gull family, slightly built and resembling a Common Gull, although adults have all black wingtips and their flight is noticeably lighter and more elegant than the Common... more

Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis
Black-necked Swan Cygnus melancoryphus
Black-rumped Waxbill Estrilda troglodytes
Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

In summer, this large wading bird has a bright orangey-brown chest and belly, but in winter the plumage more greyish-brown. Their most distinctive features are their long beaks and legs, and the... more

Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica
Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus
Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni
Black-winged Red Bishop Euplectes hordeaceus
Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
Blackbird Turdus merula

As would be expected, the male blackbird is entirely black with only a ring of orange-yellow around each eye and a yellow beak. However, the female blackbird is a mottled brown colour with flecks... more

Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca
Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla

A large fairly bulky grey warbler with a black cap if male and chestnut-brown for the female. Can be mistaken for the Marsh Tit which is similar in appearance but has a very different shape and... more

Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata
Blacksmith Plover Vanellus armatus
Blue Eared Pheasant Crossoptilon auritum
Blue Jay Cyanocitta cristata
Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica

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Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus

A favourite garden bird, the Blue Tit displays a far greater range of colours than its name suggests. In addition to the obvious blue colouring, the bird also carries a vibrant yellow breast,... more

Blue-crowned Parakeet Aratinga acuticaudata
Blue-fronted Amazon Amazona aestiva
Blue-winged Teal Anas discors
Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii
Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum
Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia
Booted Eagle Aquila pennata
Booted Warbler Iduna caligata
Brahminy Myna Sturnia pagodarum
Brambling Fringills montifringilla

The Brambling is a finch whose plumage changes considerably between summer and winter.

In the winter, it has a black head, orange breast, white rump, and its upper parts are mainly black... more

Brent Goose Branta bernicla
Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus
Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus
Bronze Mannikin Lonchura cucullata
Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus
Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum
Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater
Brunnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia
Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus
Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens
Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis
Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus
Bufflehead Bucephala albeola
Bullfinch Pyrrhulla pyrrhulla

The male bullfinch is particularly striking with a blue-grey back, bright rose-pink breast, belly and cheeks. The female bullfinch is very similar in appearance, however, her breast is a dull... more

Buzzard Buteo buteo

A medium sized bird of prey with broad wings. A shortish fan shaped tail. The common buzzard is renowned for its variation in plumage. Variations include very pale, light, medium, dark and very... more

Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra
Canada Goose Branta canadensis

A large goose, with a distinctive black head and neck and large white throat patch. An introduced species from N America, it has successfully spread to cover most of the UK. It forms noisy flocks... more

Canvasback Aythya valisineria
Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina
Cape Teal Anas capensis
Carrion Crow Corvus corone

Very similar in appearance to rooks, but carrion crows have smoother plumage which has a green and purple iridescence, and the bill is thicker and blunter.

Juvenile birds have duller,... more

Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus
Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum
Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti

A small, rather nondescript bird, Cetti's warbler (pronounced chetty) is a skulking bird and can prove very difficult to see. It usually makes its presence known with loud bursts of song and the... more

Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

A very colourful, alert and chirpy bird, the Chaffinch is a popular bird often found under feeding tables in gardens and parks throughout much of the United Kingdom.

The male has a pink... more

Chestnut Munia Lonchura atricapilla
Chestnut Teal Anas castanea
Chestnut-eared Bunting Emberiza fucata
Chestnut-flanked White-eye Zosterops erythropleurus
Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita

A tiny bird the size of a blue-tit that have brownish green upper parts and buff underparts. There is a dark stripe through the eye, a pale eyebrow and a thin pale eye ring.

Chilean Flamingo Phoenicopterus chilensis
Chiloe Wigeon Anas sibilatrix
Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica
Chinese Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis
Chinese Grosbeak Eophona migratoria
Chukar Alectoris chukar
Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera
Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus

The male has a bright yellow head, with a black crown, eye stripe and throat, and a greenish breast band across its otherwise yellow underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. The female is... more

Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola
Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Coal Tit Periparus ater

The Coal Tit is a small tit, in fact the smallest European tit, and could be confused with the almost indistinguishable Marsh Tit and Willow Tit if it was not for the white patch on the nape.... more

Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus
Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto

The plumage is mostly pale brown/grey but the breast is a pinkish buff colour. Adults are distinguished from juveniles by the narrow black and white band around the back of the neck.

Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis
Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Common Diuca Finch Diuca diuca
Guillemot Uria aalge
Linnet Carduelis cannabina

Linnets are frequently confused with Redpolls and Twites, but both these species are smaller than the Linnet. The male has brown upperparts, a grey head and a crimson forehead and breast in... more

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor

Length is about 9 inches and it has a Wingspan of approximately 23 inches
The adult male has a white throat
Adult female has a buff throat
Very short beak
Blackish... more

Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos

A bird that is usually heard rather than seen due to it's beautiful song. When seen, the bird is a bit of a let down as it is a plain brown with a reddish-brown rump and tail. The throat is... more

Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea
Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos
Common Scoter Melanitta nigra
Snipe Gallinago gallinago
Tern Sterna hirundo
Coot Fulica atra

Blackish/Sooty grey with a white bill and frontal shield. The legs and lobed toes are a silvery grey colour with the sides of the legs having a yellowish green tinge and just above the joint there... more

Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

The Cormorant is a large conspicuous waterbird that has an almost primitive appearance, with it's long neck making it virtually reptilian looking.

Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra

Stocky body, and stout bill. Dark streaked grey-brown on the top, with buffy-white dark streaked underside. No striking pattern on head, irregularly streaked with dark malar stripe and lower edge... more

Corn-Crake Crex crex
Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea
Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris
Crane Grus grus

The Common Crane is one of Europe's largest birds. Adults have a grey body with black, white and red marking on the neck and head. Cranes fly with their necks stretched out and their legs trailing... more

Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor
Crested Lark Galerida cristata
Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus
Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes
Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus

Crested tits are similar to Willow and Marsh Tits but in the U.K. they are only found in the Caledonia Forests of Scotland.

They have a relatively large head that is a dirty white colour... more

Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia
Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans
Crimson-rumped Waxbill Estrilda rhodopyga
Crossbill Loxia curvirostra

The Crossbill, especially the male has an almost Parrot like appearance and is in fact a heavily built Finch with brick red breast and darker red wings and tail, the female being a grey/green... more

Cuckoo Cuculus canorus

The adults usually have a blue/grey head, breast and upperparts with horizontal barring and white spots on the underparts and tips on the tail.
The female is red-brown with the eyes and... more

Curlew Numenius arquata

Large wader, with long down curving bill. Uniformly streaked and barred grey brown. distinctive haunting call

Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus
Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis

Transatlantic vagrant. Predominantly a plain dark grey (male) or brownish (female) bunting. The bill is pinkish white and a white belly.

Dark-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis
Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata
Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus
Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo
Desert Finch Carduelis obsoleta
Desert Lark Ammomanes deserti
Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti
Diamond Dove Geopelia cuneata
Dotterel Charadrius morinellus
Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus
Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus
Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus
Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis
Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida
Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe
Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius
Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus

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